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The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research using qualitative methods. Awards Best Paper Award Read More Awards_Page Best Paper Award MJQR Best Paper Award The MJQR Best Paper Award is an esteemed recognition by the Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) designed to motivate authors to contribute high-quality research to our journal. This award celebrates exemplary research that advances knowledge in qualitative research and reflects MJQR’s commitment to academic excellence. Award Criteria Best Papers are selected based on the following criteria: Originality – Papers should offer new insights or approaches within the field of qualitative research, adding meaningful contributions to existing knowledge. Robustness of Methodology – The research design and methods should be thoroughly detailed, showcasing rigor and appropriateness for the research questions. Quality of Analysis and Discussion – Papers should present a clear, in-depth analysis with insightful discussion, effectively interpreting findings in the context of the study’s objectives and broader implications. Impact and Implication – The study should have relevance and applicability, providing implications for practice, policy, or future research in qualitative methodologies. Language and Writing Style – Submissions should demonstrate clarity, coherence, and professionalism in language, adhering to the high standards of academic writing. The MJQR Best Paper Award is an annual accolade that encourages authors to submit their finest work, contributing to the journal’s overall impact and academic standing. This award will be presented at the biennial International Qualitative Research Conference (IQRC) . Best Paper Award 2023 Dr. Wan Safuraa Binti Wan Osman from Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) has been awarded the MJQR Best Paper Award 2023/2024 by the Qualitative Research Association of Malaysia (QRAM) and the MJQR editorial team. Her paper, “Understanding Students’ Malleable Reality: The Influence of Cognitive Dissonance on L2 Postgraduate Students’ Dissertation Writing,” published in the Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR), Volume 9(1), May 2023, was recognised for its strong use of qualitative methodology and its significant contribution to the research field. The award was presented at the International Qualitative Research Conference (IQRC) 2025, where Dr. Safuraa received an NVivo software license worth RM3,000 and a certificate of excellence. Best Paper Award 2022 The Best Paper Award, presented during IQRC 2023, was won by Dr Maria Mohd Ismail, from the Faculty of Business and Economics, University Malaya for her paper published in MJQR Vol 8(2), November 2022 entitled “A Framework of Collective Transport Planning: Case Study of Local Districts in Kelantan, Malaysia”. She received an NVivo software worth RM3000 (courtesy of Statswork, Malaysia) and a certificate for the award. MJQR Best Paper Awards was presented during the International Qualitative Research Conference (IQRC) 2023. Best Paper Award 2021 Dr Jim Chai from the University of Nottingham has worked as a hospital clinical pharmacist and a community pharmacist before taking up a lectureship. His PhD research was on ‘Patients’ Lived Experience of Using Insulin Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management. He is currently an assistant professor within the Division of Social Research in Health and Medicine at the School of Pharmacy, the University of Nottingham Malaysia campus. His main research and teaching interests are public health, health literacy, patients’ experiences of taking medicines, research methodology, and education advancement. MJQR Best Paper Awards was presented during the International Qualitative Research Conference (IQRC) 2021. Outstanding Reviewer Award 2020 Best Reviewer Award 2020 The ‘MJQR Outstanding Reviewer Award’ is an initiative by MJQR to acknowledge and recognize reviewers who have provided exemplary assistance in verifying authors’ research work through critical engagement before the publication of an article. Outstanding Reviewers are those who provide timely, quality, and constructive feedback to authors who have submitted manuscripts to MJQR. One Outstanding Reviewer will be selected from each MJQR issue and will be awarded the MJQR Outstanding Reviewer Award 2020 during the International Qualitative Research Conference 2021 (IQRC 2021) in October 2021. Manfred Mortell (PhD) is currently an Assistant Professor, at the University of the Bahamas, Nassau, Bahamas. He was previously attached as an Associate Professor at the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kuching Malaysia, and earlier at King Fahad Hospital, Nursing Services, Centre of Nursing Education. King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. His most recent publication [Nova Publishing NY, June 2020] is a book, titled, "A Theory for Patient Advocacy: An Islamic Nursing Model". His most current project [YouTube, August 2020], concerns online education, titled “Dr Manny YouTube Learnshops”. He has also published numerous articles in various journals, including the British Journal of Nursing, Journal of the Saudi Heart Association, International Journal of African Nursing Sciences, Malaysian Journal of Nursing, Singapore Nursing Journal, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, and many more. He has been reviewing papers submitted for publication in MJQR since 2018 and has diligently been prompt and comprehensive in his review.

The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research using qualitative methods. Publication Ethics Publication Ethics Plagiarism Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy Read More Publication_Page Publication Ethics The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research establishes rules for ethical practices and guidelines that authors, reviewers, and editors should understand and adhere to. Below are the practices and guidelines: 1. Research Ethics When submitting a manuscript on human subjects, the authors should have obtained approval from their respective research ethics committees and stated in their manuscripts. The authors should have ensured the research reported in their manuscripts has been carried out in an ethical manner. In the manuscript, the name of the research ethics committee, its respective organisation, and the approval number should be stated. If there is no ethical approval, the authors should be able to explain the reasons why they did not obtain ethical approval and how the research ethics were assured. 2. Declaration of Helsinki All research processes that are presented in the manuscripts must have been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Authors who submit their manuscripts to the Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research are considered to have agreed and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. 3. Funding There should be a statement in the manuscripts in the Acknowledgment to indicate the funding sources. If there is no funding, a declaration should be made. 4. Conflict of Interest The authors should declare a conflict of interest (if any) when submitting their manuscripts. The reviewers (including editors) should declare a conflict of interest (if any) before agreeing to review the manuscripts. Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author. 5. Publication Decisions The Editorial members of the Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research are responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editors may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision. 6. Data and Reproducibility The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research does not request the authors to store and make their research data available on an open-access platform. However, according to standard practice in their disciplines, the authors are encouraged to provide their research data upon reasonable requests from the readers and authorities. 7. Authorship and Contributorship In accordance with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, the Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research encourages authors to adhere to the following authorship criteria. Authorship should be based on the following 4 criteria: Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND Drafting the work or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content; AND Final approval of the version to be published; AND Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. 8. Peer Review The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research is committed to the highest standards of peer review. After receiving a manuscript, an editor is assigned to assess the quality of the manuscript. If the manuscript is deemed suitable, it will be double-blind peer-reviewed by independent, anonymous experts. If the authors have submitted their manuscripts as preprints on an open-access platform, anonymity cannot be guaranteed. 9. Fair Play An editor at any time will evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or ideology of the authors. 10. Confidentiality The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate. 11. Appeals and Complaints The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on appeals and complaints on manuscript reviews, revisions, rejections, and acceptance. The authors should write their genuine appeals and complaints on the editorial decision and present their arguments with evidence in response to the editorial decision to the Editor-in-Chief (qram.journal@gmail.com ). After receiving the appeal, the Editor-in-Chief will chair the investigation process and make appropriate decisions with selected editorial board members, who do not have prior relationships with the authors involved. The Editor-in-Chief may decide to reject or accept the manuscript, invite additional reviewers for the manuscript, or other decisions. All decisions on appeals and complaints are final. 12. Allegations of Misconduct Readers and authorities can report to the Editor-in-Chief (qram.journal@gmail.com ) allegations of misconduct on published articles – post-publication. The report should undergo real-name authentication, but the whistleblowers must not be revealed by the Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research unless required by law. Editor-in-Chief will chair the investigation process and make appropriate decisions with selected editorial board members, who do not have prior relationships with the authors involved. The published articles may be retracted. The corresponding author of the manuscripts must be given an opportunity to provide explanations before any decision is made. Manuscripts that have been identified with misconduct will be rejected – pre-publication. The corresponding author of the manuscripts must be given an opportunity to provide explanations before any decision is made. 13. Retraction of a Published Article The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research can consider retracting a published article if there are serious concerns about scientific methods or the integrity of the article post-publication. The decision to retract a published article will be made in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. MJQR Editor-in-Chief will chair the investigation process and make appropriate decisions with selected editorial board members who do not have prior relationships with the authors involved. The journal will issue retractions if: There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g. data fabrication) or honest error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error); The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (i.e. cases of redundant publication); It constitutes plagiarism, and it reports unethical research. The journal will issue errata if: A small portion of an otherwise reliable publication proves to be misleading (especially because of honest error); The author list is incorrect (i.e., a deserving author has been omitted, or somebody who does not meet authorship criteria has been included). * There is a failure to meet clear ethical and legal requirements, such as misrepresentation of interests, breach of confidentiality, lack of informed consent and abuse of research subjects or materials. Misconduct also includes improper dealing with infringements, such as attempts to cover up misconduct and reprisals on whistle-blowers. 14. Handling of Unethical Publishing Behaviour In cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, fraudulent publication or plagiarism, the publisher, in close collaboration with the editors, will take all appropriate measures to clarify the situation and to amend the article in question. This includes the prompt publication of an erratum, clarification or, in the most severe case, the retraction of the affected work. The publisher, together with the editors, shall take reasonable steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred and under no circumstances encourage such misconduct or knowingly allow such misconduct to take place. 15. Corrections on a Published Article The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research can consider the author’s request to make corrections to their published articles, upon written request made to the Editor-in-Chief (qram.journal@gmail.com ). The corrections must be genuine (i.e., typos), and do not have concerns about scientific methods or integrity of the article post-publication. 16. Discussions on a Published Article The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research allows academic debate post-publication. Readers may write to the Editor-in-Chief (qram.journal@gmail.com ) to discuss publishing letters to the editor. 17. Intellectual Property The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research is an open-access journal. The authors are responsible and should have sought written permission from the copyright owners to publish any copyrighted materials in their manuscripts. Plagiarism Publication Ethics Guidelines for the Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) on Plagiarism Plagiarism Policy MJQR holds high standards for integrity and originality in research publications. Authors must ensure that all sources and references are appropriately cited and that originality is maintained in their submissions. MJQR defines plagiarism as the uncredited use of others' words, sentences, figures, or ideas in any part of a manuscript. The following practices are prohibited and considered unethical: Plagiarism : Reproducing text, figures, or concepts from other works without appropriate attribution is strictly forbidden. Authors are required to cite sources where they are used, limiting any reuse of text and ensuring any reused wording is either attributed or placed in quotation marks. Self-Plagiarism : Publishing multiple papers with nearly identical content from the same authors is not allowed. Authors must avoid submitting overlapping or repetitive content without substantial contributions of new insights or findings. Duplicate Submission : Submitting the same manuscript or findings to more than one journal simultaneously is unacceptable. MJQR expects exclusivity in submissions, and any violation may result in rejection. Plagiarism Report Submission Authors are required to provide a plagiarism report, generated from any reputable plagiarism detection software, alongside their manuscript submission to MJQR. Manuscripts with a similarity index of 15% or above will not be accepted and will be immediately rejected without further review. If a manuscript is found to have plagiarized content, either from published or unpublished works of other authors, the manuscript will be rejected, and the authors may face sanctions. MJQR is committed to fostering an ethical research environment and expects all authors to adhere strictly to these guidelines to uphold academic integrity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) permits using AI generative tools for research and manuscript development under strict ethical guidelines. Authors must disclose any AI-generated content and ensure the authors critically evaluate it for accuracy and originality. AI tools should only be used to assist in data analysis, writing, or editing and cannot replace the intellectual contribution of the researcher. Authors are fully responsible for the integrity and ethical compliance of their submissions. Any misuse of AI tools will result in manuscript rejection or retraction. 1. Authors are encouraged to consult the journal editor before submitting papers related to the use of AI in their paper submission. 2. AI should not be identified as authors since they cannot control copyright and licensing agreements or take accountability for the submitted paper. 3. Any use of generative AI tools in the paper must be explicitly acknowledged. The full name of the tool, together with its version number, must be stated. This declaration needs to be in the Methods or Acknowledgments section of the paper submitted. 4. Any plan to use an AI tool should ensure that the tool is reliable and suitable for the intended use and that the terms that apply to the tool offer adequate security, confidentiality, and intellectual property rights protections. 5. Currently, MJQR does not allow the production and editing of photos, figures, or original research data using generative AI. Any feature that is added, hidden, moved, eliminated, or added to an image or figure is referred to as "manipulation." 6. Any use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in research should always be done under human supervision and in full transparency. 7. Authors should not submit papers that use generative AI technologies in ways that take the place of their primary roles as researchers and authors. For example as: the creation of writing or code without thorough editing, the creation of synthetic data without a sound approach to replace missing data, or the creation of any erroneous information, including extra materials or abstracts. 8. The following AI applications are allowed: (i) Idea generation and idea exploration (ii) Language improvement and enhancement (iii) Interactive online search with LLM-enhanced search engines (iv) Literature classification (v) Coding assistance 9. Authors should not submit research works in which they have substituted key researcher and author duties with the usage of generative AI technologies, such as the creation of writing or code without thorough editing, the creation of synthetic data without a sound approach to replace missing data and the creation of any erroneous information, including extra materials or abstracts. 10. Examples of Generative AI tools currently accepted include ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Claude, NovelAI, Jasper AI, DALL-E, Midjourney, Runway, Quillbot, Grammarly, Jenny etc.

Since 2019, MJQR is published two times a year - May & November. From 2007 to 2018, MJQR was published once every two years. Journal About the Journal Aims and Scope Current Issue Previous Issues Read More About the Journal The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) ISSN No-1823-8521 (eISSN No - 3009-0237) is a biannual publication of the Qualitative Research Association of Malaysia (QRAM). Since 2019, MJQR has been published twice a year, in May and November. From 2007 to 2018, MJQR was published once every two years. MJQR is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that focuses on methodological issues, innovations, and insights in qualitative or mixed methods studies. Mixed method papers using both qualitative and quantitative research methods are accepted provided greater emphasis on qualitative methodology. MJQR is fully owned, published, funded and sponsored by QRAM. All articles and copyrights in MJQR belong to QRAM. MJQR is currently indexed with MyCite, MyJurnal, EBSCO and Crossref, and listed in Google Scholar. We are in the process of being indexed with other databases. Currently, there is no article processing charge (APC) for this publication. We accept papers that use qualitative research methodologies in health and human sciences, education, religious studies, communication, management, marketing, finances, accounting, and other related disciplines across the social, behavioural and human sciences. The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research using qualitative methods. Established with the goal of advancing the understanding and application of qualitative research across diverse fields, MJQR serves as a platform for scholars, practitioners, and researchers to share original insights and in-depth analyses that contribute to the development of knowledge. Our journal welcomes contributions from a wide array of disciplines including education, healthcare, social sciences, humanities, and business, focusing on the exploration of complex phenomena through qualitative approaches. We are committed to promoting rigorous methodological standards, innovative research designs, and the application of qualitative research in both academic and practical contexts. At MJQR, we believe in the power of narrative, lived experiences, and detailed case studies to provide a deeper understanding of human behaviour, culture, and societal changes. Our publications feature a broad spectrum of qualitative methodologies such as case studies, ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, narrative analysis, and participatory research. As an international journal with a Malaysian foundation, we aim to bridge the gap between local and global research perspectives, offering a space for cross-cultural dialogue and knowledge sharing. MJQR is published biannually and is committed to fostering an inclusive research community that values diversity and collaboration. We invite researchers, educators, and professionals to submit their work and engage with the growing community of qualitative researchers, contributing to impactful knowledge that shapes understanding and informs practice. About_Page Aims and Scope The MJQR journal is the only journal that focuses on qualitative research methods in Malaysia. It was established as a platform that invites national and international scholarship that has multi-disciplinary appeal, that debates and enlivens qualitative methods, and that pushes the boundaries of established ways of doing qualitative research. It is a space where ideas and understandings are exchanged to initiate methodological issues in qualitative research for reflection and debate. MJQR seeks empirical research studies from a variety of perspectives, including academics and practitioners in the fields of gender and women studies, family studies, social work, psychology, sociology, education, evaluation, religious studies, geography, communication, management, marketing, accounting, health science, and other related disciplines across the social, behavioural, and human sciences. THE AIMS OF MJQR: To promote and enhance the understanding of qualitative research and its applications. To serve as a platform for a forum on the fundamental topics of qualitative research, including matters of ethics. To facilitate the sharing of ideas and critical problems faced by qualitative researchers and practitioners. To provide an avenue for researchers and practitioners to exchange ideas on the practical applications of qualitative research. To serve as an outlet for sharing and dissemination of qualitative research work in Malaysia and outside Malaysia. To offer a critical and reflective gaze on methodological approaches, understandings and engagements in qualitative research. THE SCOPE OF MJQR: Research in the social, behavioural, health, and human sciences that employs qualitative research methods. Apart from the presentation of qualitative findings, these studies need to include aspects of their research that advance knowledge of the qualitative inquiry. Methodological issues that advance knowledge about qualitative research methods that span across the social, behavioural, health, and human sciences. The topics may include all aspects and stages of qualitative processes, the various techniques of data collection and analysis, innovative theories and techniques, the use of technology in qualitative research, ethics and qualitative reporting focusing on report writing, and the researcher’s experiences and roles during fieldwork. Mixed method papers are also published, provided greater emphasis is placed on qualitative methodology. Papers reporting study design innovations and funded-project proposals using qualitative or mixed methods research that is useful to the global research community. Publication Current Issue Previous Issues

Malaysian JourThe Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research using qualitative methods.nal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) Contact Us The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) is dedicated to fostering excellence in qualitative research across diverse fields, encouraging insightful scholarly contributions that advance qualitative methodologies. Our team is committed to supporting authors, reviewers, and readers throughout their research journey, from initial inquiries to publication. We invite you to reach out if you have questions about submitting papers, need guidance on our resources, or seek support with any aspect of the publication process. Please find our contact information below, and our team will be pleased to assist you. Qualitative Research Association of Malaysia (QRAM), Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research (MJQR) c/o Dekan, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya, Lembah Pantai 50603, Kuala Lumpur. qram.journal@gmail.com +6013 431 0043 (WhatsApp Message Only) Contact Us First name* Last name* Email* Subject Type your message here... Email Send Now

Since 2019, MJQR is published two times a year - May & November. From 2007 to 2018, MJQR was published once every two years. Author Guidelines for Submission Template for Paper Submission Checklist Responsibilities Read More Author_Page Guidelines for Submission Download the Guidelines for Submission Guidelines for Submission Template for Paper Submission Download the Template TEMPLATE Title to see here (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 14) ABSTRACT (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) The abstract must not include citations but needs to have an introduction, the method used to collect the data, the results and discussion and the implication of the study. Abbreviations should be introduced at the first mention in the main text – no abbreviations lists (Times New Roman, Font size 10) INTRODUCTION (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) The text in the Introduction section should expand on the background of the work and should not include subheadings. (Times New Roman, Font size 10) BACKGROUND OF STUDY (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) In this section, some literature reviews, study gaps, the purpose of the study, and questions for the research are included. (Times New Roman, Font size 10) METHOD (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) The research methodology utilised, the research site, sampling, ethical considerations, description of how data is collected, and how analysis is done are included here. (Times New Roman, Font size 10) RESULTS and DISCUSSION (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) The results should discuss how the data answers the research objectives (Times New Roman, Font size 10) CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATION (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) Include limitations of the study and future work here (Times New Roman, Font size 10). AUTHOR DECLARATION (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) When multiple authors are involved, please specify each of their roles to ensure transparency, accountability, and creditability. Please insert each of their contribution to the manuscript – e.g., literature search, figures, study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing, etc. If all authors contributed equally, please state this. DECLARATION of STATEMENT (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) The author/s needs to declare that the manuscript is the author's original work and the manuscript has not been publicised before this and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The author/s also needs to confirm that the paper currently submitted is not a copied or plagiarised version of some other published work. In addition, the author/s needs to declare that the paper shall not be submitted for publication in any other journals until the decision is made by journal editors. The submission of false or incorrect information/undertaking would invite appropriate penal actions as per norms/rules of the journal and COPE guidelines. (Times New Roman, Font size 10) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) The authors must furnish comprehensive information regarding any monetary aid received, including funds, grants, or other auxiliary forms of support, in the prescribed format provided. (Times New Roman, Font size 10) CONFLICT of INTEREST STATEMENT (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12) Authors must guarantee that their article is devoid of any competing interests and must explicitly explain if there are any such interests (Times New Roman, Font size 10) REFERENCES (Bold, Times New Roman, Font size 12, APA 7th Edition) (Times New Roman, Font size 10) Checklist Download the Checklist File Checklist FIle Responsibilities Responsibilities of Authors: Researchers/ authors should clearly describe the title to reflect the research done. The method of study should be clearly described, including how data was obtained and the ethical considerations conducted. The results should be clearly explained and discussed honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The study should be original , not plagiarised, and has not been published elsewhere. Authors are only allowed to publish their manuscript elsewhere after receiving a formal rejection from the editor(s) or if their request to withdraw their work is accepted by MJQR in a written reply. Authors can use appropriate software to check for similarities with existing literature and must be reported as it is when submitting the manuscript. Authors are required to retain the raw data in connection with a paper for a reasonable time after publication to provide for editorial review should it be required. Authors should submit manuscripts on work that has been conducted ethically and responsibly and complies with all relevant legislation. Authors should disclose all sources of financial support for their research in their manuscript, including another substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. Authorship of the manuscript should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. Authors should ensure that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. Submitted manuscripts that have been found to have been produced by commercial entities (e.g., fake-paper factories, "paper mills") or artificial intelligence (AI) content generators will be rejected. These authors will be barred from future submissions. The corresponding author is the sole person who assumes the main responsibility of communicating with MJQR during the submission process, throughout peer review, and during publication. He/ she must be identified in the author information section (*) of the manuscript. The corresponding author is also responsible for ensuring that the submission adheres to all journal requirements including, but not exclusive to, details of authorship, study ethics and ethics approval, clinical trial registration documents, and conflict of interest declaration. The corresponding author should also be available post-publication to respond to any arising queries or critiques. Authors should ensure that the manuscripts submitted have not been described in more than one journal or primary publication. When a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work occurs, the author must promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper. Authors must ensure that those who have made significant contributions to the research are listed as co-authors . The current institutional affiliations and email of all authors must be stated in the manuscript. Those who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. Authors should ensure that the manuscript has been proofread (a certificate of proofreading is required) before the final submission for publication. Authors should ensure that the English spelling used in the submitted manuscript is either entirely in American English or British English. Authors should ensure that the manuscript has the following statements at the end of the manuscript: Author Declaration, Acknowledgement, Conflict of Interest and Declaration Statement. Authors need to ensure that the Author Submission Guide has been strictly adhered to before submitting to MJQR.